Glossary
Basic Terms
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- Pts — Points scored
- AST — Assists
- TRB — Total rebounds (ORB + DRB)
- ORB — Offensive rebounds
- DRB — Defensive rebounds
- STL — Steals
- BLK — Blocks
- TOV — Turnovers
- Min — Minutes played
- 2PM / 2PA — 2-point made / attempted
- 3PM / 3PA — 3-point made / attempted
- FTM / FTA — Free throws made / attempted
- PF — Personal fouls
- PIR — Performance Index Rating
Pace
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Number of possessions per game. A higher pace means a faster style of play.
Offensive Rating (ORtg)
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Points scored by a team per 100 possessions.
Defensive Rating (DRtg)
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Points allowed by a team per 100 possessions.
Net Rating
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Difference between ORtg and DRtg — overall team efficiency.
True Shooting % (TS%)
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A measure of scoring efficiency that accounts for all types of shots.
Usage Rate (USG%)
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Percentage of team possessions a player finishes while on the court.
Player Efficiency Rating (PER)
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An advanced metric that measures a player's overall efficiency per minute, adjusted for pace and league averages.
PER ≈ (positive contributions − negative contributions) / minutes
uPER = (1 / MIN) * [ 3P + (2/3)*AST + (2 - factor*(AST/FG))*FG + FT * 0.5 * (1 + (1 - AST/FG) + (2/3)*(AST/FG)) - VOP*TOV - VOP*DRB%*(FGA - FG) - VOP*0.44*(0.44 + 0.56*DRB%)*(FTA - FT) + VOP*(1 - DRB%)*(TRB - ORB) + VOP*DRB%*ORB + VOP*STL + VOP*DRB%*BLK - PF*((lgFT/lgPF) - 0.44*(lgFTA/lgPF)*VOP) ] ; PER = uPER * (league pace adjustment)
🟢 Positive
- Points (PTS)
- Assists (AST)
- Rebounds (TRB, ORB, DRB)
- Steals (STL)
- Blocks (BLK)
🔴 Negative
- Missed shots (FGA − FG, FTA − FT)
- Turnovers (TOV)
- Personal fouls (PF)
📊 Variables
- MIN – minutes played
- FG, FGA – field goals made and attempted
- FT, FTA – free throws made and attempted
- 3P – three-pointers made
- AST – assists
- TRB, ORB, DRB – rebounds
- STL – steals
- BLK – blocks
- TOV – turnovers
- PF – personal fouls
- VOP – value of possession
- DRB% – defensive rebound percentage
- factor – assist factor
- lgFT, lgPF, lgFTA – league averages
PER is normalized so that the league average is 15.